What is gastroenteritis (infectious gastroenteritis)?
Infectious gastroenteritis is an illness caused by infection with pathogens such as viruses or bacteria that causes inflammation in the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. The main symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. The duration of symptoms varies depending on the cause, but it often lasts from a day to about a week.
The main viruses that cause diarrhea are norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, and bacteria such as Escherichia coli, pathogenic E. coli, salmonella, and Campylobacter. They enter the body through food or contact with hands contaminated with pathogens, and infection occurs through the mouth. Food-borne illnesses are called “food poisoning.” For example, norovirus is found in clams and other shellfish, Escherichia coli in seafood, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and Campylobacter in chicken and other poultry. The pathogens contained in the stool or vomit of infected people can also be transmitted through hands or other objects.
The duration from infection to the onset of symptoms varies from a few hours to about a week. Most people recover within a few days, but some may develop complications and become more serious.
In such cases, seek medical attention.
- Diarrhea and vomiting continue, and they cannot get enough water.
- There is a fever
- Blood mixes with the stool
- The consciousness is blurry
- Feeling very nauseous and having severe diarrhea; fear of dehydration
Tests performed at our clinic
In mild cases of gastroenteritis, tests are often not performed. When symptoms are severe or when there is a high risk of worsening, a stool test is performed to determine the causative pathogen if necessary. In addition, blood tests may be performed to check for dehydration and other organ abnormalities.
medical treatment
薬Since there are no medications that directly treat viral gastroenteritis, the primary treatment is to manage symptoms. Treatment includes antipyretics and antiemetics to relieve fever and pain. For diarrhea, the pathogens are kept from spreading outside the body, so they are generally not used; rather, they are used based on the individual case. Bacterial gastroenteritis also usually resolves with treatment aimed at managing symptoms in mild cases, but in severe cases, antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics) may be used as needed.
Prevent dehydrationIf diarrhea and vomiting continue, dehydration can occur, so it is important to drink fluids. If you are experiencing severe nausea or diarrhea, use oral rehydration solutions.
Frequently asked questions
Q. Can I take over-the-counter diarrhea medications?
A. Anti-diarrhea medications can sometimes slow down the spread of pathogens outside the body, so we don't recommend using them on your own.
Q. Is an examination necessary?
A. In mild cases of gastroenteritis, testing is often not performed. In more severe cases, stool tests and blood tests are performed.
Q. Can I have antibiotics?
A. It is not effective for viral gastroenteritis. It is used as needed in cases of severe bacterial gastroenteritis.
Q. How can I avoid infecting my family?
A. The pathogens contained in the feces or vomit of an infected person can be transmitted through contact with hands or objects. Please wash your hands thoroughly.
Related explanatory articles
- What is Infectious Gastroenteritis? Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
- Beware of summer colds and food poisoning