What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) refers to a condition where kidney dysfunction or abnormalities in urine (such as protein in the urine) persist for three months or longer.
In addition to filtering blood and excreting waste products, excess water, and salt as urine, the kidneys are vital organs involved in regulating blood pressure, producing red blood cells, and bone metabolism. Therefore, if kidney function declines, it can have various effects on the entire body.
The main causes of CKD include:
- Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetic Nephropathy)
- high blood pressure
- Chronic glomerulonephritis
As kidney function gradually declines due to these factors, waste products and water accumulate in the body, and the general condition deteriorates.
As it progresses furtherEnd-stage renal disease will require dialysis or a kidney transplant.CKD is a disease that is caused by the presence of a protein in the bloodstream. CKD is alsoIncreased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and strokeIt is known that early detection is very important.
Also, CKD is classified into stages based on kidney function (eGFR) and the degree of urinary protein, and the treatment plan is determined according to the severity.
Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
CKD has few symptoms in the early stages,Diseases often discovered incidentally during a health check-upIt is.
As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear
- Nocturia (frequently waking up to urinate at night)
- Swelling (legs/face)
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue (lethargy)
- Loss of appetite, nausea
- Itchy skin
- Leg cramp
These often appear in the advanced stages of kidney dysfunction and will progress to a severe condition if left untreated.
You need to be especially careful if you are pointed out the following.
- Positive urine protein on a health checkup
- High creatinine
It is important to see a doctor as soon as possible, even if there are no symptoms.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Testing
CKD is primarily diagnosed byBlood and urine testsThe following is a list of the most common types of products that can be used.
blood test
Based on creatinine values, we calculate **eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate)**, an indicator of kidney function.
- eGFR less than 60 → Possible reduced renal function
urinalysis
What is particularly important isUrine proteinIt is.
- Persistent proteinuria → Sign of kidney damage
Urine albumin will be measured as needed.
Additional tests
If you are diagnosed with CKD, the following may be done to assess the cause and severity.
- Blood tests (autoimmune, metabolic evaluation, etc.)
- Abdominal ultrasound (echo)
- CT scan
If further evaluation is neededKidney biopsyand we will refer you to a specialized medical institution in such cases.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Treatment
In the treatment of CKCKD, the goal is to minimize the decline in renal function as much as possible to prevent progression to dialysis and the development of cardiovascular disease. Once renal function declines, it is difficult to recover, so it is important to take early action.
Lifestyle improvements
The cornerstone of treatment is lifestyle modification, with the following being particularly important:
- Salt restriction (less than 6 g/day)
- Proper management of blood pressure
- Blood sugar control (if you have diabetes)
- Weight management and moderate exercise
Also, be wary of drugs that put a strain on the kidneys. In particular.NSAIDs (non-steroidalTherefore, consultations with a doctor before use are recommended, including for over-the-counter medications.
pharmacotherapy
If you have high blood pressure or diabetes, we will use medications for those conditions as needed.
In choosing a drug, it is important to select one that not only lowers blood pressure and blood glucose levels, but also protects the kidneys. Typical examples areRenin angiotensin system inhibitors such as ACE inhibitors and ARBsand is expected to reduce proteinuria and decrease the decline in kidney function.
In recent years,SGLT2 inhibitorare gaining attention as renoprotective agents and are increasingly being used in CKD patients with and without diabetes. These agents have also been reported to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Depending on the condition, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may also be used.
If anemia or mineral imbalance is present, treatment is also provided for these conditions.
In case of progress
When kidney function is severely impairedDialysis therapywill be required, and in such cases, we will collaborate with specialized medical institutions.
What tests and treatments for chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be performed at the Ikejiri-Ohashi Sera Clinic?
This clinic specializes in internal medicine, orthopedics, and sports medicine, and can perform various examinations and treatments.
The CKD tests and treatments that can be performed at our clinic are as follows:
Examinations: Blood test, urine test, ultrasound
Treatment: Lifestyle guidance (diet, exercise), pharmacotherapy
summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has few subjective symptoms in its early stages, and it is a disease that tends to progress without being noticed. However, by detecting it early and managing it appropriately, it is possible to suppress the decline in kidney function and prevent progression to dialysis.
If you are told that there is an abnormality in your health checkup or if you have any symptoms that concern you, we recommend seeking medical attention as soon as possible.
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